Concrete is a product of a collection of various components, designed for given final properties. The various components are a binding agent (the most commonly used today is cement), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, some admixtures (modern technology) and water. The first use of lime mortar as a binding agent was made approximately 8,000 years BC in buildings in the region of modern day Turkey.
The Romans used cementitious materials called 'Opus Caementitium' 2000 years ago to build structures like aqueducts and the Pantheon. The Egyptians built the Pyramids using similar materials around 2000 years BC whereas the Mycenae
and Tiryns used it for foundations about 1000 years BC. The main components of the early concrete was quicklime, water, sand and coarse aggregates. Many structures several thousand years old still survive today and points to the durability of cementitious materials when exposed to normal atmospheric conditions over hundreds and even thousands of years. The picture below is the
Alcántara Roman Bridge, built in the second century and still a beautiful, functional and durable structure.
During the centuries many improvements have been made to concrete materials. One of the most important improvements made was the introduction of reinforcement into the cementitious material.
It was now possible to use concrete in structural members where tension or bending forces were occurring. Before this innovation, concrete could only cope with compression forces. Starting with the introduction of iron wires and steel bars into concrete, pre-stressed concrete was developed in the 1920's by Freyssinet. These developments made concrete one of the most used materials in the world, with which almost every new structure is built.
See what TV personality Guy Martin says about concrete waste containers!
Video clip for educational purposes about concrete shielding performance
There are many precast concrete sustainability benefits. On their own, each one contributes a small but important value to sustainable concrete products. It’s the holistic and systematic approach that gives precast products their rightful place in helping provide long-term environmental sustainability especially compared with traditional construction using concretes and other materials. Consider these benefits:
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